Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Anthony, Susan B., Speech on Women’s Right to Vote, Anthonia Bath, Learning Out Loud, https://www.learnoutloud.com/Free-Audio-Video/History/Speeches/Speech-on-Womens-Right-to-Vote/22919
This speech was spoken by Anthony during her trial and is a valuable resource.
The History Place - Great Speeches Collection: Susan B. Anthony Speech - Women's Right to Vote, www.historyplace.com/speeches/anthony.htm.
This speech provided me insight into why Anthony felt her ballot was legal and justified.
“Image 1 of Letter, Susan B. Anthony to Adelaide Johnson Discussing Women Ministers and Johnson's Sculpture Memorializing Prominent Suffragists, 8 February 1896.” The Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/resource/mcc.063/?sp=1.
This is a letter to Adelaide Johnson from Susan B. Anthony. Anthony talks about how unjust it is that women were judged because they ordain a wedding. I also learned Anthony hopes a bill is passed through Congress. This letter helped me to understand other prejudices men had at the time.
“Image 1 of Susan B. Anthony Papers: Speeches and Writings, 1848-1895; 1856 , Report on Educating the Sexes Together, Written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Delivered by Anthony at the New York State Teachers Convention, Troy, N.Y.” The Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/resource/mss11049.mss11049-007_00059_00113/?sp=1.
This is a speech read by Susan B. Anthony at a teacher’s convention in New York, on educating the sexes together. I got the opinions of women on why they should be able to be educated to the same level. This source was important because it gave me a deeper understanding on why men felt that women shouldn’t be educated with them, and it helped me understand just one more reason woman needed more equal rights.
Inez Milholland Boissevain preparing to lead the March 3, 1913, suffrage parade in Washington, D.C., Harris & Ewing, Washington, D.C. (Photographer), 1913 Mar. 3, https://www.loc.gov/item/mnwp000008
She led the parade in Washington D.C.
Richmond Times-Dispatch, Richmond, Virginia, 10-4-1910 0:00, Booth at State Fair, Where Richmond Women are Telling Visitors About Great Suffrage Movement, https://www.loc.gov/item/rbcmiller002723/
A booth offering information about suffrage.
Smith, Jason. “Annotation on Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Steps of Progress Political Cartoon.”, Smithsonian Learning Lab, 1912, Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access, 8 Feb. 2016. learninglab.si.edu/q/ll-c/qqfnLafcdYaNWy7q#r/21856. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
This is an illustration of a woman climbing the stairs and leaving her children behind on a lower step. This is something anti-suffragists used to show what women were supposed to do and what suffragist chose to do and the hardships they shouldn’t have to face if they stayed home and were mothers.
Smith, Jason. “Annotation on Smithsonian Learning Lab Resource: Woman Suffrage Postcard, c. 1917.” Smithsonian Learning Lab, 1917, Smithsonian Center for Learning and Digital Access, 2 Dec. 2015. learninglab.si.edu/q/ll-c/qqfnLafcdYaNWy7q#r/10592. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
This was a postcard from 1917 that shows with North American areas have both sex ballots vs. the ones that are only male sex ballot. This is important to show how far North America still had to go only 3 years from the 19th Amendment.
United States. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA As Amended Unratified Amendments Analytical Index. July 25, 2007: 20-21. U.S. Government Printing Office, 2007. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-110hdoc50/pdf/CDOC-110hdoc50.pdf
This is a PDF of the U.S. Constitution. I gathered information on the 19th Amendment and the proposal and ratification.
Unknown, Anthony, Susan B., 1887, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Susan-B-Anthony#/media/1/27385/217331
This is a picture of Anthony published in a book she, Elizabeth Stanton, and Matilda Joslyn Gage edited.
Unknown, Bloomer, Amelia- National Woman’s Hall of Fame, https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/amelia-bloomer/
Amelia Bloomer introduced Susan B. Anthony to Elizabeth Cady Stanton. This started a life-long partnership.
Unknown, Celebrating the Fight for Women’s Suffrage, https://patimes.org/celebrating-the-fight-for-womens-suffrage-an-interview-with-nancy-tate/
Women were practicing civil obedience, peaceful protests all to achieve what some consider a radical change.
Unknown, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, https://www.accessible-archives.com/collections/the-revolution/
Stanton was Anthony’s life-long partner and wrote some of the speeches Anthony spoke. Stanton was also Anthony’s confident.
Unknown, National Woman’s Party at July 22, 1923 Memorial Service for Susan B. Anthony, 1923, http://www.rochester.edu/sba/suffrage-history/
This is a procession at the resting place of Anthony. They are still honoring her at her grave 9 years after her death.
Unknown, Officers of the NAWSA visit the White House in 1917., 1917, War Department/Buyenlarge/Getty Images, https://www.thoughtco.com/womens-suffrage-quiz-3530932
These are the four founders of the National American Woman Suffrage Association which played a huge role in gaining such high amounts of support with other suffragists.
Unknown, Official program woman suffrage procession. Washington, D. C. March 3, 1913., Washington, 1913, https://www.loc.gov/item/rbpe.20801600/
On March 3, 1913 over 5,000 suffragists marched and were blocked by males who didn’t want them petitioning for an amendment that granted women the voting right.
Unknown, Seneca Falls Convention, 1848, https://theimpactofthefeministmovement.weebly.com/seneca-falls-convention.html
This is a picture of the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls. Anthony didn’t attend. It started the women’s right movement.
Unknown, Sketch of Women Attempting to Vote in 1872, https://www.famous-trials.com/anthony/442-images
Susan B. Anthony and another suffragist attempted to cast their ballot for state representatives, and Congressional representatives.
Unknown, Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Cady-Stanton#/media/1/563303/234334
Stanton was extremely influential on Anthony and helped better many of the speeches Anthony did. A friend of Anthony’s introduced her to Stanton, and they became heavily intertwined in each other's career.
Unknown, Susan B. Anthony Dollars (1979-1999),1999, https://susanbanthonydollar.org/
Anthony is commemorated with a coin that was minted, for all her efforts.
Unknown, Temperance Movement, https://law.jrank.org/pages/10714/Temperance-Movement.html
Poster used in the abolition movement.
Unknown, THREE WOMEN STAND IN FRONT OF A HORSE-DRAWN WAGON WITH A SIGH SUPPORTING THE NAWSA, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS., 1914, http://www.crusadeforthevote.org/nawsa-united
The three women are standing in front of a sign supporting the National American Woman Suffrage Association which was the joining of the American Woman Suffrage Association and the National Woman Suffrage Association.
Unknown, What You Didn’t Know About Susan B. Anthony, https://historydaily.org/susan-b-anthony
Anthony voted illegally for President and was put on trial.
Unknown, Woman Suffrage Banner, 1914-1917, https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1371103
These banners were used for rallies and demonstrations. This picture helped me to know what was held during these large public events/movements.
Unknown, Women’s Suffrage – Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers, https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/issues/woman-suffrage
Protestors with signs fighting for their cause.
Unknown, Woman Suffrage Button, https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_508053
This was commonly worn on suffrage supporters. The 10 stars represent the 10 states that had full voting rights at the time the button was made.
Unknown, The 19th Amendment: A Crash Course, 1919, https://www.nps.gov/articles/2020-crash-course.htm
Missouri was the 11th state to ratify the 19th Amendment with the signature of Governor Frederick Gardner.
U.S. vs. Susan B. Anthony, Indictment for Illegal Voting; 1/24/1873; Susan B. Anthony Criminal Case File; Criminal Cases Heard in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York, 1870 - 1968; Records of District Courts of the United States, Record Group 21; National Archives at New York, New York, NY. [Online Version, https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/anthony-indictment, December 9, 2019]
This source states the charges against Anthony when she illegally voted on the 5th of November in 1872. She voted for representatives in Congress as a woman which wasn’t done.
“29 Mar 1888, 11 - Buffalo Evening News at Newspapers.com.” Newspapers.com, newscomwc.newspapers.com/image/326861229/?terms=susan%2Bb.%2Banthony&pqsid=IR3CyMZ1DKZgCSAH3gKCvw%3A118000%3A2093889616__.
In this newspaper article I learned about many women all working towards the common goal of bettering the lives of women everywhere. I got information that shows a real event that Anthony was attending. I also learned more about the trial she was put on.
Secondary Sources
“Congress Passes the 19th Amendment, Giving Women the Right to Vote.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 Feb. 2010, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/congress-passes-the-19th-amendment.
This article helped me find out how many people attended the Seneca Falls Convention and how quickly the 19th Amendment was passed.
CONKLING, WINIFRED. VOTES FOR WOMEN!: American Suffragists and the Battle for the Ballot. ALGONQUIN OF CHAPEL HILL, 2018.
This book gave me information on many of the steps and blockades different suffragists faced on the fight to get the right to vote. I learned of many barriers which helped me see how challenging overcoming other opinions was. This was a vital contributor to my research and gave me repeat information to confirm information from other sources.
The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. “Susan B. Anthony.” Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 14 Oct. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Susan-B-Anthony.
This article gave me information on how Susan B. Anthony came to partake in suffrage, some previous attempts for voting rights, and the actual date when suffrage was legalized. The source also showed me how the dynamic partnership was formed. Amelia Bloomer introduced Anthony to Elizabeth Cady Stanton forming a valuable partnership. This article gave me background on Anthony.
Hayward, Nancy. “Susan B. Anthony.” National Women’s History Museum, 2017. November 18th 2019, https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/susan-b-anthony_
Because of this article I learned how Anthony felt about the 14th and 15th Amendments. I also learned about all the movements Anthony supported throughout her career. Such as abolition, temperance, labor, and equal pay. This was the first time a source mentioned that Anthony was arrested for illegally voting.
History, Art & Archives, U.S. House of Representatives, “Continued Challenges,” https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Historical-Essays/No-Lady/Continued-Challenges/ (December 09, 2019)
In this article I learned about voter participation decreases after the Amendment was passed and how women split over the controversial issues. Women were dependent on males to enter Congress.
“Introduction.” The Concise History of Woman Suffrage, 1978, pp. 1–45.
The introduction in this book gave me valuable research on how the anti-slavery movement helped gain males respect for the suffrage movement. There were many issues throughout the suffrage movement because everyone had differing opinions and goals they wanted to achieve.
Jessica Crane, Susan B. Anthony's grave is covered with "I Voted" stickers in Rochester, N.Y., on Tuesday., https://www.npr.org/2018/11/06/664852948/i-voted-stickers-pile-up-in-emotional-tribute-at-susan-b-anthony-s-grave
People put their “I Voted” stickers onto Anthony’s grave in honor of all her efforts.
June-Friesen, Katy, et al. “Old Friends Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony Made History Together.” National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), www.neh.gov/humanities/2014/julyaugust/feature/old-friends-elizabeth-cady-stanton-and-susan-b-anthony-made-histo.
Anthony and Stanton felt that the suffrage movement was moving backwards, not forwards and the process of suffrage. This source also confirmed that Amelia Bloomer introduced Stanton and Anthony.
Rosentiel, Tom. “Reluctant Suffragettes: When Women Questioned Their Right to Vote.” Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center, 27 Nov. 2012, www.pewresearch.org/2009/03/18/reluctant-suffragettes-when-women-questioned-their-right-to-vote/.
This source gave me information on voter participation, turnouts, and the tracking of voter participation by the Census Bureau.
“Susan B. Anthony.” Brooklyn Museum: Susan B. Anthony www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/place_settings/susan_b_anthony.
This source helped me learn how about the foundations Anthony started, her past, and the movements she worked with. I learned what she wanted to accomplish throughout her lifetime of efforts and what she lived like before becoming a suffragist.
“The Women's Rights Movement, 1848–1920: US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives.” The Women's Rights Movement, 1848-1920 | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives, history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Historical-Essays/No-Lady/Womens-Rights/.
This source educated me on the first women’s convention, which was held in Seneca Falls on July 19-20. I also learned about the NAWSA and AWSA. This source showed how the movement progressed before and after the Civil War, and the process of passing the 19th Amendment.
Unknown, Directions, https://www.rit.edu/imagine/directions.php
Rochester, New York is the third largest city and where Susan B. Anthony voted illegally.